What is Polarization in the Social Sciences? A Scoping Review of Reviews

Resumen

La palabra polarización ha ganado notoriedad tanto en los titulares periodísticos como en las publicaciones académicas, para explicar los conflictos sociales y políticos de los últimos años. A pesar de su relevancia, este concepto se usa de manera indiscriminada, por lo que su significado no siempre resulta claro. En consecuencia, esta investigación busca brindar un panorama general de la polarización en las ciencias sociales, con base en las teorías y variables que soportan su uso académico. A partir de la metodología PRISMA, se realizó una revisión de revisiones en la que

se analizaron 56 publicaciones de diferentes disciplinas y bases de datos. Las publicaciones fueron evaluadas en su calidad metodológica a partir de los instrumentos AMSTAR2 y SANRA, analizadas mediante un Análisis Estadístico de Datos Textuales. Con base en dichos análisis, se delimitaron definiciones de tres clases y 19 subclases de polarización, se determinó la calidad de las revisiones y se precisaron las variables y teorías asociadas al fenómeno. La mayoría de las revisiones son narrativas, lo cual evidencia poca sistematicidad metodológica. De igual manera, la mayoría de las revisiones pertenecen a la polarización política y solo se encontraron cinco variables en relación inversa a la polarización, lo que evidencia lo poco que se ha estudiado la despolarización.

Palabras clave:

polarización grupal polarización política polarización social PRISMA

Citas

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