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Abstract
The objective of this study was to integrate and analyze recent research on risk and protective factors associated with sexting among school children and adolescents under 18 years of age. A narrative review was conducted following SANRA criteria, in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Fourteen empirical studies were selected (2020- 2023) that addressed factors associated with sexting in the school population. A thematic analysis and a qualitative evaluation of methodological quality were applied. The findings were organized into five categories: demographic and socioeconomic factors, psychological factors, peer dynamics, contextual factors, and the influence of technology. Increasing age, belonging to sexual or ethnic minorities, low self-control, peer pressure and dysfunctional family dynamics were associated with greater involvement in sexting, especially under pressure or without consent. In contrast, parental accompaniment, stable family structure, school connectedness, religious involvement, and personal strengths such as authenticity and sense of justice were protective factors. Sexting is a complex phenomenon, influenced by multiple factors interacting at different levels of the developmental ecosystem. Evidence-based prevention is required, especially in the school environment.
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