Las variables numinosas como predictores del malestar psicológico entre creyentes colombianos practicantes y no practicantes

Resumen

Los aspectos religiosos y espirituales tienen implicaciones relevantes para la salud mental. En este estudio se evaluaron los efectos positivos y negativos de las variables numinosas sobre el malestar psicológico de una muestra de 367 adultos colombianos. Se empleó un diseño explicativo y se aplicó el Assessment of Spirituality and Religious Sentiments (ASPIRES) para medir la participación y la crisis religiosa, mientras que la orientación religiosa se evaluó con la Age Universal I-E Scale-12, las emociones hacia Dios con el cuestionario Emotions toward God y el malestar psicológico con el General Health Questionnaire-12. Se construyó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para explicar el malestar psicológico a partir de las relaciones funcionales establecidas entre participación religiosa, crisis religiosa, orientación religiosa intrínseca y emociones positivas y negativas hacia Dios (χ²/gl = 2,07, RMSEA = 0,054, CFI = 0,993, TLI = 0,978, NFI = 0,986, NNFI = 0,978, GFI = 0,993, AGFI = 0,950, SRMR = 0,019). Un segundo modelo multigrupo comparó los efectos de las variables entre creyentes practicantes y no practicantes (χ²/gl = 2,16, RMSEA = 0,080, CFI = 0,972, TLI = 0,915, NFI = 0,951, NNFI = 0,915, GFI = 0,989, AGFI = 0,928, SRMR = 0,032). Los resultados sugieren mecanismos diferenciales de influencia sobre el malestar; además, dichos mecanismos varían según el tipo de creyente. Los hallazgos del estudio ofrecen aportes importantes para el diseño de estrategias de intervención social y, en el ámbito de la terapia psicológica, para considerar el rol de lo numinoso en la salud mental.

Palabras clave

Malestar psicológico

Religión

Crisis religiosa

Espiritualidad

Citas

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