Eficacia de las intervenciones para reducir ansiedad, depresión y adicción a internet en adolescentes adictos a internet: un metaanálisis

Resumen

El uso de internet como medio de ocio y los problemas psicológicos derivados del uso abusivo del mismo han aumentado entre los adolescentes, aunque poco se sabe sobre cuáles son las intervenciones más eficaces para estos problemas. En este estudio se realiza una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de la eficacia de los tratamientos para reducir la sintomatología de ansiedad, depresión y adicción a internet en adolescentes con síntomas de adicción al internet. Se seleccionaron estudios publicados entre 2010 y 2022, con participantes de 6 a 18 años con problemas de abuso de internet, tratados mediante cualquier tipo de intervención, y que incluyeran medidas post-test de ansiedad y depresión. Se realizó la búsqueda en las bases de datos de Scopus, PsycInfo, PsicoDoc, PsycArticles y Medline, el sesgo de publicación se evaluó a través del test de Egger, el tamaño del efecto se calculó con la g de Hedges, y se realizaron análisis de metarregresión. Como resultados, se incluyeron 14 estudios con 16 grupos de tratamiento y 14 grupos comparativos, con tamaños del efecto para la ansiedad, depresión y adicción a internet entre bajos y moderados, y con heterogeneidad en sus resultados debido a su calidad metodológica y el tipo de cuestionario para valorar la adicción a internet. Como conclusión, los programas de intervención cognitivo conductuales son eficaces para este tipo de población, pero los tratamientos deportivos parecen ser los más eficaces y prometedores. Se requiere de más investigación para extraer conclusiones más sólidas al respecto.

Palabras clave:

adicción a internet ansiedad depresión adolescentes tratamiento salud mental

Citas

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