Homofobia sutil y manifiesta: mecanismos de desconexión moral y dimensiones de la empatía

Resumen

Los importantes avances sociales y legales en la sociedad actual no han logrado erradicar las situaciones de hostilidad que sufren las personas LGBTI (lesbianas, gais, bisexuales, transexuales e intersexuales). En esta investigación se analizó los mecanismos de desconexión moral que se relacionan con las actitudes homófobas, así como la relación entre la empatía cognitiva y afectiva y la homofobia sutil y manifiesta. Para ello, se realizó un estudio descriptivo de carácter transversal con 849 estudiantes universitarios, seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala de Homofobia Sutil y Manifiesta (EHMS), la Escala de Mecanismos de Desconexión Moral (MMDS) y el Índice de Reactividad interpersonal (IRI). Teniendo en cuenta la naturaleza de las variables y el tamaño muestral, se emplearon pruebas paramétricas. Los resultados indican que la totalidad de los mecanismos de desconexión moral se relacionan con actitudes discriminatorias hacia el colectivo LGBTI, que, a mayor nivel de homofobia sutil y manifiesta, menor es la empatía cognitiva y afectiva de los jóvenes, y que tanto la desconexión moral como la empatía pueden actuar como predictoras de las actitudes discriminatorias por orientación sexual. En conclusión, destaca la necesidad de actuar sobre los mecanismos de desconexión moral a los que recurren los jóvenes, así como sobre las dimensiones de la empatía, como la preocupación empática y la toma de perspectiva, con el fin de prevenir y modificar las actitudes discriminatorias.

Palabras clave:

homofobia desconexión moral empatía discriminación estudiantes universitarios

Citas

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