School-Based Interventions for Suicidal Behavior Prevention in Adolescence: An Integrative Review
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Abstract
La conducta suicida en adolescentes es un problema de salud pública de gran importancia a nivel global. Aunque los tratamientos han avanzado, la mayoría se ha desarrollado en contextos clínicos más que escolares. La presente revisión tuvo como objetivo identificar, evaluar y sintetizar intervenciones escolares para prevenir y manejar la conducta suicida en adolescentes, comparando sus características principales. Siguiendo los elementos de PRISMA y PICO, se buscaron estudios publicados entre enero de 2016 y junio de 2025 en EBSCO, OVID y PubMed. De 2549 registros, 33 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La mayoría de las intervenciones se realizaron en países angloparlantes, con pocas en Latinoamérica, y emplearon enfoques psicoeducativos o cognitivo-conductuales en diseños preexperimentales o cuasiexperimentales; los ensayos aleatorizados fueron menos frecuentes. En general, se observaron mejoras en conocimiento, búsqueda de ayuda e indicadores de riesgo suicida, aunque los tamaños del efecto se reportaron de forma inconsistente. Los hallazgos sugieren efectos prometedores, pero subrayan la necesidad de investigaciones más rigurosas y culturalmente adaptadas en América Latina.
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