Dimensiones de la ideología política. Un abordaje operativo desde la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem

Resumen

A pesar de que la ideología política es un constructo central para la psicología política contemporánea, en la literatura persisten desacuerdos respecto de su estructura y operacionalización. Teniendo esto en cuenta, el presente trabajo evalúa las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Ideología Política de forma operativa, es decir, contemplando los posicionamientos de las personas sobre temas políticos. Para ello, se tomó una muestra probabilística de la población de Córdoba, Argentina (N = 444) y se testearon las propiedades psicométricas de esta escala por medio de la teoría de respuesta al ítem. Como resultado, se encontró una estructura bidimensional con dos ejes independientes —conservadurismo y progresismo—, cada uno con propiedades de intervalo y ajuste del modelo satisfactorio. Como indicador de validez predictiva, los resultados de la relación de las dimensiones de ideología política con los valores sociales fueron consistentes con la evidencia empírica antecedente. En suma, si bien las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Ideología Política se seguirán estudiando, esta es un aporte significativo por la escasez de instrumentos de evaluación que la comprendan de un modo operativo, multidimensional y ecológicamente válido.

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