La relación de los factores de personalidad y la conducción agresiva: los Cinco Grandes y la Tríada Oscura

Resumen

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el papel que los factores de personalidad pertenecientes a los Cinco Grandes y la Tríada Oscura —maquiavelismo, narcisismo y psicopatía— tienen en la conducción agresiva. La muestra se compuso de 318 estudiantes universitarios con permiso de conducir, quienes contestaron a una batería de pruebas que evaluaba los factores de personalidad de los Cinco Grandes (tipi), la Tríada Oscura (dd) y la conducción agresiva (das y dax). Los análisis de regresión jerárquica controlando las variables de edad y sexo, respaldan la utilidad predictiva de los factores de personalidad de los Cinco Grandes y la Tríada Oscura. Los resultados mostraron cómo la afabilidad, la estabilidad emocional y la apertura a la experiencia predicen de manera significativa diversos aspectos de la conducción agresiva. El maquiavelismo y el narcisismo son predictores significativos de diversas formas de expresión de la ira en la conducción, una vez controlados
los efectos de los Cinco Grandes.

Palabras clave:

Conducción agresiva Tríada oscura Cinco Grandes personalidad

Citas

Akbari, M., Lankarani, K. B., Heydari, S. T., Motevalian, S. A., Tabrizi, R., Asadi-Shekari, Z., & Sullman, M. J. (2019). Meta-analysis of the correlation between personality characteristics and risky driving behaviors. Journal of Injury and Violence Research, 11(2), 107-122. https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1172

Aniței, M., Chraif, M., Burtaverde, V., & Mihaila, T. (2014). The Big Five Personality Factors in the prediction of aggressive driving behavior among Romanian youngsters. International Journal of Traffic and Transportation Psychology, 2(1), 7-20. https://acortar.link/3Vo2h1

Arthur, W., Bell, S. T., Edwards, B. D., Day, E. A., Tubre, T. C., & Tubre, A. H. (2005). Convergence of self-report and archival crash involvement data: A two-year longitudinal follow-up. Human Factors, 47(2), 303-313. https://doi.org/10.1518/0018720054679416

Asociación Médica Mundial. (2017). Declaración de Helsinki de la amm-Principios éticos para las investigaciones médicas en seres humanos. Asociación Médica Mundial. https://www.wma.net/es/policies-post/declaracion-de-helsinki-de-la-amm-principios-eticos-para-las-investigaciones-medicas-en-seres-humanos/

Ato, M., López-García, J. J., & Benavente, A. (2013). Un sistema de clasificación de los diseños de investigación en psicología. Anales de Psicología/Annals of Psychology, 29(3), 1038-1059. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.3.178511

Ball, L., Tully, R., & Egan, V. (2018). The influence of impulsivity and the Dark Triad on self-reported aggressive driving behaviours. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 120, 130-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2018.08.010

Barlett, C. P. (2016). Exploring the correlations between emerging adulthood, Dark Triad traits, and aggressive behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 101, 293-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.061

Benfield, J. A., Szlemko, W. J., & Bell, P. A. (2007). Driver personality and anthropomorphic attributions of vehicle personality relate to reported aggressive driving tendencies. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(2), 247- 258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.06.016

Bucsuházy, K., Matuchová, E., Zůvala, R., Moravcová, P., Kostíková, M., & Mikulec, R. (2020). Human factors contributing to the road traffic accident occurrence. Transportation Research Procedia, 45, 555-561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.03.057

Burtăverde, V., Chraif, M., Aniţei, M., & Mihăilă, T. (2016).The incremental validity of the dark triad in predicting driving aggression. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 96, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2016.07.027

Bushman, B. J., Steffgen, G., Kerwin, T., Whitlock, T., & Weisenberger, J. M. (2018). “Don’t you know I own the road?” The link between narcissism and aggressive

driving. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 52, 14-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2017.10.008

Campbell, W. K., Rudich, E. A., & Sedikides, C. (2002). Narcissism, self-esteem, and the positivity of selfviews: Two portraits of self-love. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(3), 358-368. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167202286007

Chraif, M., Aniţei, M., Burtăverde, V., & Mihăilă, T. (2016). The link between personality, aggressive driving, and risky driving outcomes–testing a theoretical model. Journal of Risk Research, 19(6), 780-797. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2015.1042500

Christie, R., & Geis, F. (1970). Studies in Machiavellianism. Academic Press.

Cleckley, H. (1941). The mask of sanity: An attempt to reinterpret the so-called psychopathic personality. Mosby.

Cobb-Clark, D. A., & Schurer, S. (2012). The stability of big-five personality traits. Economics Letters, 115(1), 11-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.11.015

Costa, P. T. Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised neo Personality Inventory (neo-pi-r) and neo Five Factor Inventory (neo-ffi) professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources.

Dahlen, E. R., Edwards, B. D., Tubré, T., Zyphur, M. J., & Warren, C. R. (2012). Taking a look behind the wheel: An investigation into the personality predictors of aggressive driving. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 45, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.11.012

Dahlen, E. R., & White, R. P. (2006). The Big Five factors, sensation seeking, and driving anger in the prediction of unsafe driving. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(5), 903-915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.03.016

Deffenbacher, J. L., Lynch, R. S., Oetting, E. R., & Swaim, R. C. (2002). The Driving Anger Expression Inventory: A measure of how people express their anger on the road. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(6), 717-737. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00063-8

Deffenbacher, J. L., Oetting, E. R., & Lynch, R. S. (1994). Development of a driving anger scale. Psychological Reports, 74(1), 83-91. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.74.1.83

Demir, B., Demir, S., & Özkan, T. (2016). A contextual model of driving anger: A meta-analysis. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 42, 332-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2016.09.020

Demircioğlu, Z. I., & Köse, A. G. (2021). Effects of attachment styles, dark triad, rejection sensitivity, and relationship satisfaction on social media addiction: A mediated model. Current Psychology, 40(1), 414-428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9956-x

Deniz, P., Lajunen, T., Özkan, T., & Gaygısız, E. (2021). Masculinity, femininity, and angry drivers: Masculinity and femininity as moderators between driver anger and anger expression style among young drivers. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 161, Article 106347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2021.106347

Dirección General de Tráfico. (2020). Anuario estadístico de accidentes, 2019. dgt; Ministerio del Interior. https://www.dgt.es/export/sites/web-DGT/.galleries/down

loads/dgt-en-cifras/publicaciones/Anuario-Estadisticode-Accidentes/Anuario-Estadistico-Accidentes-2019-Accesible.pdf

Dula, C. S., & Geller, E. S. (2003). Risky, aggressive, or emotional driving: Addressing the need for consistent communication in research. Journal of Safety Research, 34(5), 559-566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2003.03.004

Eagly, A. H., & Steffen, V. J. (1986). Gender and aggressive behavior: A meta-analytic review of the social psychological literature. Psychological Bulletin, 100(3), 309-330.

https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.100.3.309

Edwards, B. D., Warren, C. R., Tubré, T. C., Zyphur, M. J., & Hoffner-Prillaman, R. (2013). The validity of narcissism and driving anger in predicting aggressive driving in a sample of young drivers. Human Performance, 26(3), 191-210. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.201

795961

Ellison-Potter, P., Bell, P., & Deffenbacher, J. (2001). The effects of trait driving anger, anonymity, and aggressive stimuli on aggressive driving behavior. Journal of

Applied Social Psychology, 31(2), 431-443. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.15591816.2001.tb00204.x

Endriulaitienė, A., Šeibokaitė, L., Žardeckaitė-Matulaitienė, K., Markšaitytė, R., & Slavinskienė, J. (2018). Attitudes towards risky driving and Dark Triad personality traits

in a group of learner drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 56, 362-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.05.017

Evans, L. (1996). The dominant role of driver behavior in traffic safety. American Journal of Public Health, 86(6), 784-786. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.86.6.784

Fernández-del-Río, E., Ramos-Villagrasa, P. J., & Escartín, J. (2021). The incremental effect of Dark personality over the Big Five in workplace bullying: Evidence from perpetrators and targets. Personality and Individual Differences, 168, Article 110291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110291

Furnham, A., Richards, S. C., & Paulhus, D. L. (2013). The Dark Triad of personality: A 10 year review. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7(3), 199-216. https://

doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12018

Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B. (2003). A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37(6), 504-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-6566(03)00046-1

Guo, S., An, N., & Sun, L. (2022). Psychometric properties of driver self-image inventory for Chinese drivers and its associations with personality and driving style. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 85, 236-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.

trf.2022.01.011

Herrero-Fernández, D. (2011). Adaptación psicométrica de la versión reducida del Driving Anger Scale en una muestra española. Diferencias por edad y sexo. Anales de Psicología/Annals of Psychology, 27(2), 544-549. https://revistas.um.es/analesps/article/view/123191

Herrero-Fernández, D., Oliva-Macías, M., & Parada-Fernández, P. (2019). Propiedades psicométricas de una versión breve del Driving Anger Expression Inventory en conductores españoles. Acción Psicológica, 16(1), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.5944/ap.16.1.22364

Islam, M., & Mannering, F. (2020). A temporal análisis of driver-injury severities in crashes involving aggressive and non-aggressive driving. Analytic Methods in Accident Research, 27, Article 100128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amar.2020.100128

Jonason, P. K., & Webster, G. D. (2010). The dirty dozen: A concise measure of the dark triad. Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 420-432. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019265

Jones, S. E., Miller, J. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2011). Personality, antisocial behavior, and aggression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Criminal Justice, 39(4), 329-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2011.03.004

Jones, D. N., & Neria, A. L. (2015). The Dark Triad and dispositional aggression. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 360-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.06.021

Jovanović, D., Lipovac, K., Stanojević, P., & Stanojević, D. (2011). The effects of personality traits on driving-related anger and aggressive behaviour in traffic among Serbian drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 14(1), 43-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2010.09.005

King, Y., & Parker, D. (2008). Driving violations, aggression and perceived consensus. Revue Européenne de Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 58(1), 43-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2006.05.001

Lennon, A. J., & Watson, B. C. (2015). A matter of style? Driver attributional ‘style’in accounting for the driving of others as protective or as predisposing drivers towards

retaliatory aggressive driving. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 30, 163-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2015.03.001

Lonczak, H. S., Neighbors, C., & Donovan, D. M. (2007). Predicting risky and angry driving as a function of gender. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 39(3), 536-545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2006.09.010

Lustman, M., Wiesenthal, D. L., & Flett, G. L. (2010). Narcissism and aggressive driving: Is an inflated view of the self a road hazard?. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40(6), 1423-1449. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2010.00624.x

Ma, Y., Gu, X., Yu, Y. N., Khattakc, A. J., Chen, S., & Tang, K. (2021). Identification of contributing factors for driver’s perceptual bias of aggressive driving in China. Sustainability, 13(2), 766. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020766

Ma, C., Hao, W., Xiang, W., & Yan, W. (2018). The impact of aggressive driving behavior on driver-injury severity at highway-rail grade crossings accidents. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2018, Article 9841498. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9841498

Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Otgaar, H., & Meijer, E. (2017). The malevolent side of human nature: A meta-analysis and critical review of the literature on the dark triad (narcissism, machiavellianism, and psychopathy). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(2), 183-204. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616666070

Nocera, T. R., & Dahlen, E. R. (2020). Dark triad personality traits in cyber aggression among college students. Violence and Victims, 35(4), 524-538. https://doi.org/10.1891/vv-d-18-00058

OECD. (2013). Health at a glance 2013: oecd indicators. OECD Publishing.

Park, S., Oh, C., Kim, Y., Choi, S., & Park, S. (2019). Understanding impacts of aggressive driving on freeway safety and mobility: A multi-agent driving simulation approach. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 64, 377-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2019.05.017

Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2002). The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), 556-

https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-6566(02)00505-6

Petridou, E., & Moustaki, M. (2000). Human factors in the causation of road traffic crashes. European Journal of Epidemiology, 16(9), 819-826. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007649804201

Pineda, D., Sandín, B., & Muris, P. (2020). Psychometrics properties of the spanish version of two dark triad scales: The dirty dozen and the short dark triad. Current Psychology, 39, 1873-1881. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9888-5

Romero, E., Villar, P., Gómez-Fraguela, J. A., & López-Romero, L. (2012). Measuring personality traits with ultra-short scales: A study of the Ten Item Personality Inventory (tipi) in a Spanish sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(3), 289-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.03.035

Shen, B., Ge, Y., Qu, W., Sun, X., & Zhang, K. (2018). The different effects of personality on prosocial and aggressive driving behaviour in a Chinese sample. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 56, 268-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.04.019

Szumska, E. M., & Jurecki, R. (2020). The effect of aggressive driving on vehicle parameters. Energies, 13(24), Article 6675. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13246675

Tang, W. Y., Reer, F., & Quandt, T. (2020). The interplay of gaming disorder, gaming motivations, and the dark triad. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9(2), 491-496. https://

doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00013

Van Geel, M., Goemans, A., Toprak, F., & Vedder, P. (2017). Which personality traits are related to traditional bullying and cyberbullying? A study with the Big Five, Dark Triad and sadism. Personality and Individual Differences, 106, 231-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.10.063

Vanlaar, W., Simpson, H., Mayhew, D., & Robertson, R. (2007). The road safety monitor 2006: Aggressive driving. Traffic Injury Research Foundation.

Wickens, C. M., Mann, R. E., Ialomiteanu, A. R., & Stoduto, G. (2016). Do driver anger and aggression contribute to the odds of a crash? A population-level analysis. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 42, 389-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.

trf.2016.03.003

World Health Organization. (2018). Global status report on road safety 2018. World Health Organization Press. https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1164010/retrieve

Zhang, T., Chan, A. H., Li, S., Zhang, W., & Qu, X. (2018). Driving anger and its relationship with aggressive driving among Chinese drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 56, 496-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.05.011

Zhang, H., Qu, W., Ge, Y., Sun, X., & Zhang, K. (2017). Effect of personality traits, age and sex on aggressive driving: Psychometric adaptation of the Driver Aggression Indicators Scale in China. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 103, 29-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.

aap.2017.03.016

Ziegler, M., Kemper, C. J., & Kruyen, P. (2014). Short Scales–Five misunderstandings and ways to overcome them. Journal of Individual Differences, 35(4), 185-189. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000148

Citado por