Anxiety and depression symptoms in adults and elderly in post-percutaneous coronary intervention.

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of disability and death. One of the forms of treatment for them is the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). After a diagnosis or cardiac procedure, patients have psychological symptoms that often go unnoticed and interfere with their health condition. The aim of this article was to evaluate the intensity of anxiety and depression symptoms in adult and elderly patients hospitalized after PCI. The design of the study was cross-sectional, analytical, correlational and comparative. Participants were 266 patients who had undergone PCI. Their average age was 64.5 years (SD =8.9 years) and most of them were men (68%) with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (64.3%). The research instruments used were the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition (BDIII). Data collection was performed during the patients’ hospitalization and statistical analysis was carried out by means of the Chi-SquareTest, the Kolmogorov –Smirnov Test and ANOVA. The level of significance used was p ≤ .05. Results showed that the majority of patients presented severe symptoms of anxiety (29.7%) and minimum intensity depressive symptoms (51.9%). The study highlights the importance of assessing and treating psychological symptoms after PCI as these interfere with the patient’s adherence to treatment and with their quality of life.

Keywords:

Depression Percutaneous coronary intervention Hospitalization Anxiety

References

Beck, J. S. (2013). Terapia cognitivo-comportamental: Teoria e prática. 2. ed. Porto Alegre, RS: Artmed.

Blankenship, J. C., Marshall, J. J., Pinto, D. S., Lange, R. A., Bates, E. R., Holper, E. M., ... Chambers, C. E. (2013). Effect of percutaneous coronary intervention on quality of life: A consensus statement from the society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, 81(2), 243-259. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.24376

Blay, S. L., Andreoli, S. B., Fillenbaum, G. G., & Gasta, F. L. (2007). Depression morbidity in later life: Prevalence and correlates in a developing country. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15(9), 790-799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e3180654179

Bochi, C. S., Ribeiro, A. C. G., & Paes, M. R. (2014). Perfil sociodemográfico e clínico dos pacientes com ansiedade em uma unidade de dor torácica. Revista de Enfermagem UFPE On Line, 8(8), 2833-2839. https://doi.org/10.5205/reuol.6081-52328-1-SM.0808201434

Bonetti, A., Silva, D. G. V., & Trentini, M. (2013). O método da pesquisa convergente assistencial em um estudo com pessoas com doença arterial coronariana. Escola Anna Nery Revista de Enfermagem, 17(1), 179-183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1414-81452013000100025

Bonow, R. O., Mann, D. L., Zipes, D. P., & Libby, P. (2013). Braunwald - Tratado de Doenças Cardiovasculares. 9. ed. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Elsevier.

Brasil. (2015). Morbidade Hospitalar do SUS por local de internação Notas Técnicas. Retrieved from www.datasus.gov.br

Carvalho, I. G., Bertolli, E. dos S., Paiva, L., Rossi, L. A., Dantas, R. A. S., & Pompeo, D. A. (2016). Anxiety, depression, resilience and self-esteem in individuals with cardiovascular diseases. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 24(e2836), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.1405.2836

Ceccarini, M., Manzoni, G. M., & Castelnuovo, G. (2014). Assessing depression in cardiac patients: What measures should be considered?. Depression Research and Treatment, 2014, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/148256

Centemero, M. P. (2014). Doença arterial coronária crônica: Tratamento por intervenção coronária percutânea. In A. Timerman (Org.), Condutas Terapêuticas do Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia (pp. 109-114). São Paulo, SP: Atheneu.

Chaudhury, S., & Srivastava, K. (2013). Relation of depression, anxiety, and quality of life with outcome after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. The Scientific World Journal, 2013, 1-5. https://doi:10.1155/2013/465979

Cunha, J. A. (2001). Manual da versão em português das Escalas Beck. São Paulo, SP: Casa do Psicólogo.

Damen, N. L., Versteeg, H., Boersma, E., Jaegere, P. P., Van Geuns, R. J. M., Van Domburg, R. T., & Pedersen, S. S. (2013). Indication for percutaneous coronary intervention is not associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression. International Journal of Cardiology, 168(5), 4897-4898. https://doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.07.022

Dessotte, C. A. M., Silva, F. S., Furuya, R. K., Ciol, M. A., Hoffman, J. M., & Dantas, R. A. S. (2015). Somatic and cognitive-affective depressive symptoms among patients with heart disease: Differences by sex and age. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 23(2), 208-215. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.0287.2544

Emslie, C., Ridge, D., Ziebland, S., & Hunt, K. (2007). Exploring men's and women's experiences of depression and engagement with health professionals: More similarities than differences? A qualitative interview study. BMC Family Practice, 8(43), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2296-8-43

Feng, H., Chien, W., Cheng, W., Chung, C., Cheng, S., & Tzeng, W (2016). Risk of anxiety and depressive disorders in patients with myocardial infarction. Medicine, 95(34), 1-8. https://doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000004464

Fernandes, M., Nascimento, N. F. S., & Costa, K. N. F. M. (2010). Prevalência e determinantes de sintomas depressivos em idosos atendidos na atenção primária de saúde. Revista da Rede de Enfermagem do Nordeste, 11 (1), 19-27. Retrieved from http://www.revistarene.ufc.br/vol11n1html_site/a02v11n1.html

Furuya, R. K., Costa, E. de C. A., Coelho, M., Richter, V. C., Dessotte, C. A. M., Schmidt, A., ... Rossi, L. A. (2013). Ansiedade e depressão entre homens e mulheres submetidos a intervenção coronária percutânea. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, 47(6), 1333-1337. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-623420130000600012

Gama, G. G. G., Musi, F. C., Pires, C. G. S., & Guimarães, A. C. (2012). Crenças e comportamentos de pessoas com doença arterial coronária. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 17(2), 3371-3383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232012001200022

Gomes-Oliveira, M. H., Gorenstein, C., Lotufo Neto, F., Andrade, L. H., & Wang, Y. P. (2012). Validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in a community sample. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 34(4), 389-394. doi: https://10.1016/j.rbp.2012.03.005

Gorenstein, C., Pang, W. A., Argimon, I. L., & Werlang, B. S. G. (2011). Manual do Inventário de Depressão de Beck- BDI- II. São Paulo, SP: Casa do Psicólogo.

Gus, I., Ribeiro, R. A., Kato, S., Bastos, J., Medina, C., Zazlavsky, C., ... Gottschall, C. A. M. (2015). Variations in the prevalence of risk factors for coronary artery disease in Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil: A comparative analysis between 2002 and 2014. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 105(6), 573-579. https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20150127

Hosseini, S. H., Ghaemian, A., Mehdizadeh, E., & Ashraf, H. (2014). Levels of anxiety and depression as predictors of mortality following myocardial infarction: A 5-year follow-up. Cardiology Journal, 21(4), 370-377. https://doi.org/10.5603/CJ.a2014.0023

Huffman, J. C., Celano, C. M., & Januzzi, J. L. (2010). The relationship between depression, anxiety, and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 6, 123-136. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2874336/pdf/ndt-6-123.pdf

Jeenger, J., Wadhwa, S., & Mathur, D. M. (2014). Prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in first attack myocardial infarction patients of mewar region : A cross sectional study. International Journal of Current Research and Review, 6(7), 79-85. Retrieved from http://www.ejmanager.com/mnstemps/45/45-1396272685.pdf

Kala, P., Hudakova, N., Jurajda, M., Kasparek, T., Ustohal, L., Parenica, J., ... Kanovsky, J. (2016). Depression and Anxiety after acute myocardial infarction treated by primary PCI. PloS One, 11 (4), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152367

Khawaja, I. S., Westermeyer, J. J., Gajwani, P., & Feinstein, R. E. (2009). Depression and coronary artery disease: The association, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Psychiatry (Edgmont), 6(1), 38-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2014.02.011

Levine, G. N., Bates, E. R., Blankenship, J. C., Bailey, S. R., Bittl, J. A., Cercek, B., ... Yancy, C. W. (2011). 2011 ACCF/ AHA/SCAI guideline for percutaneous coronary intervention a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. Circulation, 124(23), 574-651. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0b013e31823ba622

Lucena, K. D. T., Peixoto, E. A., Deininger, L. Souza C., Martins, V. D. M. S., Bezerra, Á. L. A., & Meira, R. M. B. (2016). Assistência aos pacientes submetidos a cateterismo cardíaco em uma urgência hospitalar. Revista de Enfermagem UFPE On Line, 10(1), 32-39. https://doi.org/10.5205/reuol.8423-73529-1-RV1001201605

Magalhães, C. C., Serrano Júnior, C. V., Consolim-Colombo, F. M., Nobre, F., Fonseca, F. A. H., & Fernando, J. F. (2015). Tratado de Cardiologia da SOCESP. 3. ed. São Paulo, SP: Manole.

Mastrogiannis, D., Giamouzis, G., Dardiotis, E., Karayannis, G., Chroub-Papavaiou, A., Kremeti, D., . Triposkiadis, F. (2012). Depression in patients with cardiovascular disease. Cardiology Research and Practice, 2012(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/794762

Mattos, L. A., Lemos Neto, P. A., Rassi Jr., A., Marin-Neto, J. A., Sousa, A. G. M., Devito, F. S., ... Brito Jr., F. S. (2008). Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia- Intervenção Coronária Percutânea e Métodos Adjuntos Diagnósticos em Cardiologia Intervencionista (II Edição). Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 91(6), 1-58. Retrieved from http://publicacoes.cardiol.br/consenso/2008/diretriz INTERVENCAO_PERCUTANEA-9106.pdf

May, H. T., Horne, B. D., Carlquist, J. F., Sheng, X., Joy, E., & Catinella, A. P. (2009). Depression after coronary artery disease is associated with heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 53(16), 1440-1447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2009.01.036

Norlund, F., Olsson, E. M., Burell, G., Wallin, E., & Held, C. (2015). Treatment of depression and anxiety with internet-based cognitive behavior therapy in patients with a recent myocardial infarction (U-CARE Heart): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 16(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-015-0689-y

O'Neil, A., Sanderson, K., & Oldenburg, B. (2010). Depression as a predictor of work resumption following myocardial infarction (MI): A review of recent research evidence. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 8(95), 1-11. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1477-7525-8-95

Pacheco, A. J. C., & Santos, C. S. V. B. (2015). Depressão em pessoas com doença cardíaca: Relação com a ansiedade e o controlo percebido. Revista Portuguesa de Enfermagem de Saúde Mental, 14, 64-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19131/rpesm.0107

Piegas, L. S., & Haddad, N. (2011). Intervenção Coronariana percutânea no Brasil: Resultados do Sistema ónico de Saúde. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 96(4), 317-324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2011005000035

Richter, V. C., Coelho, M., Arantes, E. C., Dessotte, C. A. M., Schimidt, A., Dantas, R. A. S., ... Furuya, R. K. (2015). Estado de saúde e saúde mental de pacientes após intervenção coronária percutânea. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 68(4), 676-682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167.2015680415i

Roest, A. M., Martens, E. J., Jonge, P., & Denollet, J. (2010). Anxiety and risk of incident coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 56(1), 38-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.03.034

Sardinha, A., Araújo, C. G. S., Silva, A. C. D. O., & Nardi, A. E. (2011). Prevalência de transtornos psiquiátricos e ansiedade relacionada à saúde em coronariopatas participantes de um programa de exercício supervisionado. Revista de Psiquiatria Clinica, 38(2), 61-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-60832011000200004

Schmidt, M. M., Quadros, A. S., Abelin, A. P., Minozzo, E. L., Wottrich, S. H., Kunert, H. Z., . Gottschall, C. A. M. (2011). Psychological characteristics of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 97(4), 331-337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2011005000104

Ski, C. F., Jelinek, M., Jackson, A. C., Murphy, B. M., & Thompson, D. R. (2016). Psychosocial interventions for patients with coronary heart disease and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 15(5), 305-316. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474515115613204

Timerman, A., Ferreira, J. F. M., & Bertolami, M. (2012). Manual de Cardiologia. São Paulo, SP: Editora Atheneu.

Trotter, R., Gallagher, R., & Donoghue, J. (2011). Anxiety in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 40(3), 185-192. https://doi.org/10.1016Zj.hrtlng.2010.05.054

Volpato, G. L. (2017). Método lógico para redação científica. 2nd. ed. Botucatu, SP: Best Writing.

Watkins, L. L., Koch, G. G., Sherwood, A., Blumenthal, J. A., Davidson, J. R. T., O'Connor, C., & Sketch, M. H. (2013). Association of anxiety and depression with all-cause mortality in individuals with coronary heart disease. Journal of the American Heart Association, 2(2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.112.000068

Zhao, Z., Luo, J., Wang, J., & Su, Y. (2008). Depression and anxiety before and after percutaneous coronary intervention and their relationship to age. Journal of Geriatric Cardiology, 5(4), 203-206. Retrieved from http://www.jgc301.com/ch/reader/create_pdf.aspx?file_no=20080403&flag=1

Reference by