Escala de Bienestar Subjetivo, versión corta (EBS-8): Revalidación, invarianza de medición y teoría de respuesta al ítem

Abstract

The Subjective Well-Being Scale (EBS-20) and its short version (EBS-8) were developed and validated to measure life satisfaction and positive affect in a Spanish-speaking population. The aim of the present study was to obtain additional evidence of validity for the EBS-8. To this end, the scale was applied in three successive studies to a total of 2259 Mexicans aged 12 to 81 years. The results of the first study allowed us to confirm its unifactorial structure (CMIN/DF = 2.336; CFI = .996; RMSEA = .047) and its adequate reliability (α = .958, ω = .957); in the second its measurement invariance by sex, social group and age was tested (Δχ2 p >. 05, ΔCFI < .004, ΔRMSEA < .014); and in the third study it was found, by calibrating its items under IRT, that the scale satisfactorily estimates the construct assessed (a > 1.69; b1 between -2.78 and -2.35). From the psychometric indices obtained, it is concluded that the EBS-8 is an excellent brief instrument constructed in Spanish to assess subjective well-being in adolescents, young people, adults and older adults.

Keywords:

subjective well-being validation psychometric analysis factorial invariance item response theory

References

Arias, W., Huamani, J., & Caycho-Rodríguez, T. (2018). Satisfaction with life in high school students from the city of Arequipa. Propósitos y Representaciones, 6(1), 351-407. https://doi.org/10.20511/pyr2018.v6n1.206

Atienza, F. L., Pons, D., Balaguer, I., & García-Merita, M. (2000). Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida en adolescentes. Psicothema, 12(2), 314-319. http://www.psicothema.com/pdf/296.

Ato, M., López, J. J., & Benavente, A. (2013). Un sistema de clasificación de los diseños de investigación en psicología. Anales de Psicología, 29(3), 1038-1059. https://doi. org/10.6018/analesps.29.3.178511

Baker, F. B. (2001). The basics of Item Response Theory. ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation. https:// files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED458219.pdf

Bentler, P. M. (2004). EQS 6: Structural equation program manual. Multivariate Software. Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables.

John Wiley & Sons. Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 230-258. https://doi. org/10.1177/0049124192021002005

Calleja, N., Candelario Mosco, B. J., Rosas Medina, J. H., & Souza Colín, E. (2020). Equivalencia psicométrica de las aplicaciones impresas y electrónicas de tres escalas psicosociales. Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento, 12(2), 50-58. https://doi. org/10.32348/1852.4206.v12.n2.25284

Calleja, N., & Mason, T. A. (2020). Escala de Bienestar Subjetivo (EBS-20 y EBS-8): Construcción y validación. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación Psicológica e Avaliação Psicológica, RIDEP, 55(2), 185- 201. https://doi.org/10.21865/RIDEP55.2.14

Cantor Parra, L. S., & Clavijo Benavides, M. P. (2020). Adaptación y validación de la escala de afectividad positiva y negativa (PANAS) al contexto colombiano, en una muestra de madres solteras en la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia (Tesis de grado). Fundación Universitaria Los libertadores, Bogotá, Colombia. https://hdl.handle.net/11371/2912

Cantril, H. (1965). The pattern of human concern. Rutgers University Press.

Casas, F., Fernández-Artamendi, S., Montserrat, C., Bravo, A., Bertrán, I., & Del Valle, J. F. (2013). El bienestar subjetivo en la adolescencia: Estudio comparativo de dos Comunidades Autónomas en España. Anales de Psicología, 29(1), 148-158. https://dx.doi.org/10.6018/ analesps.29.1.145281

Castellá Sarriera, J., Saforcada, E., Tonon, G., Rodríguez de La Vega, L., Mozobancyk, S., & Maria Bedin, L. (2012). Bienestar subjetivo de los adolescentes: Un estudio comparativo entre Argentina y Brasil. Psychosocial Intervention, 21(3), 273-280. https://doi.org/10.5093/ in2012a24

Caycho, T. (2017). Importancia del análisis de invarianza factorial en estudios comparativos en Ciencias de la Salud. Revista Cubana de Educación Médica Superior, 31(2), 1-3. https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/educa cion/cem-2017/cem172d.pdf

Checa, I., Perales, J., & Espejo, B. (2019). Measurement invariance of the Satisfaction with Life Scale by gender, age, marital status and educational level. Quality of Life Research, 28(4), 963-968. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11136-018-2066-2

Chen, F. F., Sousa, K. H., & West, S. G. (2005). Teacher’s corner: Testing measurement invariance of second-order factor models. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 12(3), 471-492. https://doi. org/10.1207/s15328007sem1203_7

Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 9(2), 233-255. https://doi.org/10.1207/ S15328007SEM0902_5

Cuadra, H., & Florenzano, R. (2003). El bienestar subjetivo: Hacia una psicología positiva. Revista de Psicología, 12(1), 83-96. https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-0581.2003.17380

Determann, D., Lambooij, M., Steyerberg, E., Bekker-Grob, E., & Ardine de Wit, G. (2017). Impact of survey administration mode on the results of a health-related discrete choice experiment: Online and paper comparison. Value in Health, 20(7), 953-960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jval.2017.02.007

Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75. https://doi. org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13

Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Oishi, S. (2018). Advances and open questions in the science of subjective well-being. Collabra: Psychology, 4(1), 1-78. https://doi.org/10.1525 /collabra.115

Dimitrov, D. M. (2010). Testing for factorial invariance in the context of construct validation. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 43(2), 121- 149. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748175610373459

Ferrando, P. J., & Anguiano-Carrasco, C. (2010). El análisis factorial como técnica de investigación en psicología. Papeles del Psicólogo, 31(1), 18-33. http://www.pape lesdelpsicologo.es/pdf/1793.pdf

Flores-Kanter, P. E., Garrido, L. E., Moretti, L. S., & Medrano, L. A. (2021). A modern network approach to revisiting the Positive and Negative Affective Schedule (PANAS) construct validity. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 77(10), 2370-2404. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23191

Flores-Kanter, P. E., & Medrano, L. A. (2018). Comparación de dos versiones reducidas de la Escala PANAS: Análisis factoriales en una muestra argentina. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación e Avaliação Psicológica, 49(4), 37-46. https://doi.org/10.21865/ RIDEP49.4.03

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104

Furr, R. M. (2018). Psychometrics: An introduction (3. ª ed.). Sage

Gómez, V., Villegas de Posada, C., Barrera, F., & Cruz, J. E. (2007). Factores predictores de bienestar subjetivo en una muestra colombiana. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 39(2), 311-325. https://www.redalyc.org/ pdf/805/80539208.pdf

Gutiérrez-Carmona, A., & Urzúa M., A. (2019). ¿Los valores culturales afectan el bienestar humano? Evidencias desde los reportes de investigación. Universitas Psychologica, 18(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy18- 1.vcab

Harding, S., Morris, R., Gunnell, D., Ford, T., Hollingworth, W., Tilling, K., Evans, R., Bell, S., Grey, J., Brockman, R., Campbell, R., Araya, R., Murphy, S., & Kidger, J. (2019). Is teachers’ mental health and wellbeing associated with students’ mental health and wellbeing? Journal of Affective Disorders, 242(19), 180-187. https://doi.org /10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.080

Hassan Butt, T., Abid, G., Arya, B., & Farooqi, S. (2020). Employee energy and subjective well-being: a moderated mediation model. The Service Industries Journal, 40(1-2), 133-157. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2018.1563072

Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi. org/10.1080/10705519909540118

Keyes, C., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. (2002). Optimizing well-being: the empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007- 1022. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.82.6.1007

Kushlev, K., Drummond, D. M., & Diener, E. (2020). Subjective Well-Being and Health Behaviors in 2.5 Million Americans. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 12(1), 166-187. https://doi.org/10.1111/ aphw.12178

Lapuente, L., Dominguez-Lara, S., Flores-Kanter, P. E., & Medrano, L. A. (2018). Estructura del bienestar subjetivo mediante análisis bifactor: ¿Unidimensional o multidimensional? Avaliação Psicológica, 17(2), 252-259. https://doi.org/10.15689/ap.2018.1702.14521.11

Levine, G. N., Cohen, B. E., Commodore-Mensah, Y., Fleury, J., Huffman, J. C., Khalid, U., Labarthe, D. R., Lavretsky, H., Michos, E. D., Spatz, E. S., Kubzansky, L. D., & American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; and Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health. (2021). Psychological health, well-being, and the mind-heart-body connection: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 143(10), e763-e783. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.000000000000 0947

McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., & Tsang, J. A. (2002). The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(1), 112-127. https://doi. org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.1.112

Medrano, L. A., Flores-Kanter, P. E., Trógolo, M., Curarello, A., & González, J. (2015). Adaptación de la Escala de Afecto Positivo y Negativo (PANAS) para la población de Estudiantes Universitarios de Córdoba. Anuario de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Psicología, 2(1), 22-36. https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/aifp/article/down load/12503/12773

Moksnes, U. K., Løhre, A., Byrne, D. G., & Haugan, G. (2014). Satisfaction with life scale in adolescents: Evaluation of factor structure and gender invariance in a Norwegian sample. Social Indicators Research, 118(2), 657-671. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0451-3

Montero y López Lena, M. E. (1998). Soledad: Desarrollo y validación de un inventario multifacético para su medición (Tesis doctoral). Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México. http://132.248.9.195/pdbis/269524/ Index.html

Moral de la Rubia, J. (2011). La Escala de Afecto Positivo y Negativo (PANAS) en parejas casadas mexicanas Ciencia Ergo-Sum, 18(2), 117-125. https://cienciaergosum.uaemex.mx/article/view/740

Moyano Díaz, E., & Ramos Alvarado, N. (2007). Bienestar subjetivo: Midiendo satisfacción vital, felicidad y salud en población chilena de la Región Maule. Universum (Talca), 22(2), 177-193. https://doi.org/10.4067/ S0718-23762007000200012

Nima, A. A., Cloninger, K. M., Persson, B. N., Sikström, S., & Garcia, D. (2020). Validation of subjective well-being measures using Item Response Theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 3036. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fpsyg.2019.03036

Padrós Blázquez, F., Gutiérrez Hernández, C. Y., & Medina Calvillo, M. A. (2015). Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS) de Diener en población de Michoacán (México). Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 33(02), 223-232. https:// doi.org/10.12804/apl33.02.2015.04

Pavot, W. (2018). The cornerstone of research on subjective well-being: Valid assessment methodology. En E. Diener, S. Oishi y L. Tay (Eds.), Handbook of Well-Being. DEF Publishers. https://www.nobascholar.com/chapters/15/ download.pdf

Pedrosa, I., Celis-Atenas, K., Suárez-Álvarez, J., GarcíaCueto, E., & Muñiz, J. (2015). Cuestionario para la evaluación del optimismo: Fiabilidad y evidencias de validez. Terapia Psicológica, 33(2), 127-138. https://doi. org/10.4067/S0718-48082015000200007

Samejima, F. (1969). Estimation of latent ability using a response pattern of graded scores. Psychometrika Monographs, 34(Supl. 17). https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2333-8504.1968.tb00153.x

Simms, L. J. (2008). Classical and modern methods of psychological scale construction. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(1), 414-433. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00044.x

Sociedad Mexicana de Psicología. (2010). Código ético del psicólogo (5. ª ed.). Trillas. Stöber, J., & Joormann, J. (2001). A short form of the Worry Domains Questionnaire: Construction and factorial validation. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(4), 591-598. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0191-8869(00)00163-X

Temiz, G. (2020). The relationship between mothers’ psychological well-being and their attitudes towards their children. Psychology Research, 10(1), 1-9. https://doi. org/10.17265/2159-5542/2020.01.001

Tomás, J. M., Gutiérrez, M., Sancho, P., & Romero, I. (2015). Measurement invariance of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) by gender and age in Angola. Personality and Individual Differences, 85, 182-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. paid.2015.05.008

Van de Schoot, R., Lugtig, P., & Hox, J. (2012). A checklist for testing measurement invariance. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(4), 486-492. https://doi.or g/10.1080/17405629.2012.686740

Vandenberg, R., & Lance, C. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4-70. https://doi.org/10.1177/109442810031002

Vinaccia Alpi, E., Parada, N., Quiceno, J. M., Riveros Munévar, F., & Vera Maldonado, L. A. (2019). Escala de satisfacción con la vida (SWLS): Análisis de validez, confiabilidad y baremos para estudiantes universitarios de Bogotá. Psicogente, 22(42), 1-20. https://doi. org/10.17081/psico.22.42.3468

Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070. https://doi. org/10.1037//0022-3514.54.6.1063

Reference by