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Abstract
Adolescence is marked by increased risk-taking. Dual Systems Models explain this stage as an imbalance between the socioemotional reward and cognitive control systems. This study applies such models to explore neurocognitive aspects of contraceptive method (CM) use in adolescents. We analyzed trajectories of risk propensity, self-regulation, and consideration of future consequences (CFC), controlling for sex and socioeconomic status, in a sample of adolescents from Montevideo (Uruguay). A simple prospective longitudinal panel design was used with two time points, T1 (314 cases) and T2 (49 cases), separated by 20 months. Behavioral tasks (BART, Stoplight, Tower of London), the CFC scale, and questionnaires were used. A decrease in risk propensity and immediacy was observed, aligning with the inverted U-shaped development of the reward system. No changes were found in self-regulation or CFC-Future, consistent with models proposing a plateau in the development of the cognitive control system. Decreased risk propensity was associated with lower use of ineffective CM at last sexual intercourse. These findings highlight the importance of understanding neurocognitive development and its implications for adolescent sexual and reproductive health, particularly in Global South contexts.
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