Cognitive Profile of Patients with Early-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease and Low Educational Attainment
Diana Patricia Caicedo Navarro
Gladys Eugenia Puentes Páramo
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Abstract
This study aimed to compare the cognitive profile of patients with early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) and low educational attainment with that of matched controls and to preliminarily explore which neuropsychological measures have the greatest discriminative ability in this sample. A cross-sectional observational study with exploratory logistic regression analyses was conducted, including 60 participants: 30 patients with ckd and 30 healthy controls matched for age (M = 51, SD = 7.00), sex (70% women), and educational attainment (56% with five years of education). All participants were assessed using the moca cognitive screening test and four neuropsychological tests to evaluate: attention (Trail Making Test-B, TMT-B), processing speed and inhibition (STROOP), working memory (Digit Span subtest of the Wechsler intelligence scale, WAIS-IV), and long-term verbal memory (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test). As a result, the patient group showed poorer performance on the abstraction subtest of the cognitive screening test, in the TMT-B completion time, and the stroop interference measure. The binary logistic regression showed that these tests constituted predictor variables, with a sensitivity of 63.3% and a specificity of 73.3%. These findings suggest that patients with early-stage CKD may present difficulties in processing speed and abstract reasoning, indicating possible predominantly frontal dysfunction. However, this finding should be considered preliminary and requires validation in a larger sample.
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