Percibir más desigualdad, cuando se es menos clasista, incrementa el apoyo a políticas redistributivas

Resumen

La desigualdad económica constituye un problema a nivel mundial al que se le puede hacer frente mediante políticas de redistribución de recursos. Sin embargo, el apoyo a estas políticas no es unánime y está condicionado, entre otros factores, por la desigualdad percibida, la clase social y el estatus socioeconómico. Los estudios realizados al respecto se concentran en algunos países, pero es necesario ampliar la mirada y estudiar este fenómeno en otras regiones del mundo, por ejemplo, en Latinoamérica. Por ello, el presente estudio se busca ampliar la perspectiva geográfica e incorporar otra variable que puede tener incidencia en el apoyo a la redistribución; a saber, el rol del clasismo, y si este interactúa con la desigualdad percibida y con el apoyo de políticas redistributivas en el contexto colombiano. Específicamente, se realizó un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, en el que se aplicó una encuesta a 698 personas residentes en Colombia para medir la desigualdad percibida, el estatus socioeconómico, el clasismo y el apoyo a la redistribución. Para el análisis de datos se realizaron correlaciones y regresión lineal, con lo cual se encontró que una mayor percepción de desigualdad en la distribución de los recursos y un menor clasismo se asocian con un incremento en el apoyo a políticas redistributivas, y que el clasismo y el estatus socioeconómico subjetivo actúan como moderadores en la relación entre la percepción de desigualdad en la distribución de recursos y el apoyo a la redistribución. Los resultados sugieren la importancia de considerar el clasismo y el estatus socioeconómico en el diseño de políticas públicas enfocadas en la redistribución.

Palabras clave

Psicología de la desigualdad

clase social

clasismo

estatus socioeconómico

redistribución económica

Citas

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