Traducción, adaptación al español y validación de la escala de bienestar mental de WARWICK-EDINBURGH en una muestra de adultos mayores argentinos.

Resumen

El estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas y la estructura factorial de la Escala de Bienestar Mental de WarwickEdinburgh luego de realizar la traducción directa y revertida y su adaptación al español. Se validó la escala mediante su aplicación a una muestra de 910 adultos mayores argentinos, con edades comprendidas entre 71 y 96 años (media 81.4 años; DE 10.9 años). Se obtuvieron los siguientes indicadores: distribución de respuestas, consistencia interna, confiabilidad test-retest, validez de constructo, y se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. En cuatro de los ítems se debieron modificar los términos para mantener la equivalencia conceptual con el original. El índice de confiabilidad alfa de Cronbach (0.89), la correlación ítem-escala total (0.41-0.78), el índice test-retest medido mediante el coeficiente de correlación intra-clase (CCI) (0.91) mostraron un nivel satisfactorio. El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró un RMSEA de 0.054, considerado aceptable; un valor CFI igual a 0.963, un valor de NNFI 0.925 (levemente inferior al deseado) y un GFI con un valor de 0.991. Se obtuvo una solución de dos factores, por lo cual no se pudo sostener la hipótesis de uni-dimensionalidad de la escala original. Se concluye que la escala traducida y adaptada al español para una muestra de adultos mayores no institucionalizados tiene un ajuste adecuado, con alta consistencia interna y buena confiabilidad test-retest, con iguales valores de constructo que el instrumento original, lo que permitiría su uso en la población adulta mayor.

Palabras clave:

Adultos mayores Bienestar psicológico Bienestar mental Propiedades psicométricas Análisis factorial confirmatorio

Citas

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